Научно-техническая сфера

На этой странице incrEAST представляет обзор научно-технического потенциала Молдавии.

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Characterisation of the research system

The main legal act which regulates the activities in the S&T domain of the Republic of Moldova is the Code on Science and Innovation (adopted in July 2004). This Code stipulates two most essential changes in the role of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (ASM) in science and innovation and these are:  

• The ASM becomes the sole public institution of national importance in the field of science and innovation, the plenipotentiary coordinator of the scientific and innovational activities, the supreme scientific forum and scientific adviser to the public authorities.
• The ASM is authorized with the Government’s competence in the field of scientific research. This means, all budget funds designed for scientific research will be allocated only through the Academy of Sciences on a competition basis.

The year 2004 is marked as a turning year in the development of the ASM. The financing of the sphere of science and innovation from the state budget has increased considerably and that has created real premises for the renovation of technical-material and experimental basis, re-equipment of the laboratories with contemporary scientific devices, revival and mobilization of innovation and technological transfer activities, improvement of work conditions and remuneration of scientific researchers, whose average salary increased by 1,5-2 times.

The Academy of Sciences, as a public institution, concludes a Partnership Agreement with the Government of the Republic of Moldova. The Agreement authorizes the Academy to distribute State funds allocated for science on a competition basis. The Agreement stipulates three important things:

• The amount of financing of Science and Innovation field for the period of 2005-2008;
• the six Strategic Priorities concerning the Development of Science and Innovation field for 2005-2008;
• the reorganization of the infrastructure of science and innovation field.

Besides, the Agreement stipulates the strategic priorities in the development of science and innovation for 2005-2008, which are the following:

• Consolidation of the State of Law and utilization of cultural heritage with the perspective of integration into multicultural and multinational Europe;
• Economical basis of sustainable development and efficient utilization of human and natural resources;
• Biomedicine and human health;
• Agriculture and industrial biotechnology;
• Nanotechnology, new materials and information technology;
• Energetic security and efficiency growth of the energetic complex.

These strategic priorities are coordinated with the strategic directions stipulated by the European Union.

Research indicators

According to the Partnership Agreement of the ASM with the Government of the Republic of Moldova the financing of the field of science and innovation will increase annually, so that in 2011 it will run up to 1% of GDP.

Indicators	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
R&D allocations in % of GDP*	0.21	0.22	0.37	0.46	0.65
Projects of Technology Transfer	0	1	8	33	43
Organizations conducting R&D activity	79	86	88	67	n/a
Personel employed in R&D activity	6858	6696	6678	6299	n/a
PhD employed in R&D activity	2231	2404	2345	2143	n/a
Total researchers	n/a	2725	2583	2507	n/a
Young researchers (up to 30 years old)	n/a	453	420	360	n/a
Women in science	n/a	1220	1120	1045	n/a
PhD training	1613	1698	1667	1685	n/a
Post-doctoral studies	14	14	28	41	n/a
Granted patents	241	256	269	288	268

* In 2008 R&D allocations from the state budget in percentage of GDP is 0.74%.

Research performers

In 2006, the research performers were:

• 42 scientific-research institutions;
• 16 design-investigation organizations and design offices for construction works;
• 9 higher education institutions.

Structure of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova

The Assembly is the Supreme leading body of the Academy of Sciences. It consists of full members; corresponding members; 78 Doctors-Habilitat elected for a term of four years, representing scientific community of the Republic of Moldova. The Assembly approves the by-laws of the Academy of Sciences, elects the President of the Academy of Science.

It approves once in four years the Partnership agreement, confirms the policy of the Academy of Science in the science and innovation field and implements the strategy of this policy. It is competent to approve representatives of divisions in Assembly and to elect the representatives of scientific community, including higher education institutions, as a member of Supreme Council for science and technological development.

The Assembly examines and decides on the annual report regarding the results of activity in the science and innovation field and examines and approves strategies, programs related to the science and innovation field. It determines strategic directions in the science and innovation field.

The Supreme Council for Science and Technological Development (SCSTD) is the executive body of the Assembly. It consists of 17 members: the President of ASM, First Deputy President, two Deputy Presidents and General Scientific Secretary, Coordinators of divisions of ASM and 6 representatives of scientific community, including higher education institutions and state agency for intellectual property, elected by the Assembly for a four year term. SCSTD coordinates the elaboration of both the state programs, international scientific and scientific-technical programs in the science and innovation field and mechanisms for their implementation and monitoring. It coordinates and stimulates the activity in the field of innovation and technology transfer.

Its competence is distributing, on the basis of Partnership Agreement, of the budget allocations according to the strategic directions in the science and innovation field. SCSTD as well organizes the competition of the projects, financed from the state budget and elaborates mechanisms of monitoring, stimulation and implementation of state programs in the science and innovation field, development of markets for produces in this field, etc.

Within the Academy of Sciences of Moldova activate 6 scientific divisions (biological, chemical and ecological sciences; medical; physical and engineering; economic and mathematical; humanities and arts; and agricultural sciences).

Institutions evaluation and scientists’ attestation is the competence of National Council for Attestation and Accreditation (NCAA). The accreditation system of institutions from the field of science and innovation will give them the possibility to obtain financial support from the State Budget.

State Agency on Intellectual Property (AGEPI) is created on the basis of the Code of Science and Innovations. It represents the Republic of Moldova at the World Intellectual Property Organization and other international and interstate organizations on intellectual property protection. AGEPI supports and develops relations of co-operation with them as well as with profile establishments of other states.

The Agency on Innovation and Technology Transfer is created according to the Code on science and innovation. It serves as a basis for the organization of the developed hi-tech industrial infrastructure in the area of innovation and technology transfer within the ASM.

The main tasks of AITT are:

• To realize the integration of both scientific and technological potential, highly skilled staff of ASM and informational resources of Academy of Sciences institutions in order to set up the priority development directions;
• to realize the state experiment concerning the creation of a research-production cycle, using the highly developed scientific, technological and industrial infrastructure in order to meet the needs for high technology production;
• to offer suitable conditions for the establishment and development of innovative enterprises under the state financial support.

Once the Agency on Innovation and Technology Transfer was created, the number of projects of technology transfer raised from one in 2004 to 43 in 2007.

Recently, within the ASM were created the first Scientific Park and Business incubator. The residents of these entities will benefit of big preferences, allowing also our scientists to commercialize their results, thus creating new opportunities for them. In July 2007 was approved the Law on Science and Technology Parks and Innovation Incubators and fiscal incentives granted to the residents of science and technology parks and innovation incubators:

• Exemption from payment of VAT (20%) on goods and services imported from abroad and of those bought on the territory of the Republic of Moldova.
• Exemption from payment of customs taxes (5%) on imported goods and services.
• Exemption from payment of income tax during three tax periods.
• Low tariffs on premises leasing and on public utilities for the residents situated on the territory of the science and technology park or innovation incubator.

Another initiative under implementation now is the creation of a lyceum and a university within the ASM. The problem of personnel training, stopping the exodus of young talented persons were at the basis of the idea to create a cluster in order to prepare high skilled researchers. In the lyceum will be accepted gifted children, who will continue their studies in the university becoming after that PhD students.

Research funding system

The Academy of Sciences is authorized with the Government’s competence in the field of scientific research.  Therefore, all budget funds designed for scientific research are allocated only through the Academy of Sciences on a competition basis.

In 2007, the total number of projects was 629, from which:

• 310 institutional (basic research – 122 & applied research – 188);
• 109 projects in the framework of state programs;
• 36 independent;
• 43 of technology transfer;
• 49 projects co-financed together with the FCFFR, FCUFR;
• 82 international grants (including INTAS).
  

Source: CIT
Last up-date: 15.04.2008